Saturday, 26 January 2013

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL

The Great Santini - Pat Conroy


(Novel)


Synopsis:

The Great Santini tells the story of hard-nosed Marine fighter pilot Lt. Col. Wilbur "Bull" Meecham, who calls himself "The Great Santini," and the family he runs with a strict hand. It follows the Meecham family as they move to and struggle to fit into the Marine town of Ravenel, South Carolina. The book is set in 1962 before the Vietnam War. Conroy makes the point that Santini is a warrior without a war, and in turn is at war alternately with the service that he loves and his family.
The novel explores main character Ben Meecham's growth into manhood, his experiences playing basketball for his high school, as well as his friendships with a Jewish classmate and an African-American farmer. The novel exposes the love-hate relationship between Ben and his father, and the lengths Ben goes to in an effort to win his father's acceptance and love.
The novel is based on Conroy's own childhood experiences growing up in a military family. Conroy's own father, Donald Conroy, was the inspiration for "Bull" Meecham.

Analysis:

The story is about a Marine pilot who, both love his family and also love to give off service to his country. He had done everything in order to be near to his military camp even though his family is having a hard time. The author, Conroy, explains that he had also felt the emotions of the characters in the novel because he had experienced this during his childhood days. The Great Santini really fits into the Autobiographical Theory because the story of this novel is based on the life of its author - Pat Conroy. He said that he had also experienced all the hardships and adversities same as the role of the characters in the story. Conroy's role in reality here is Ben Meecham - son  of Wilbur. And Wilbur is he's father  

The Autobiographical Theory is a criticism which analyzes a writer's biography to show the relationship between the author's life and their works of literature. This kind of critic can focus on a writer's works not only to enhance understanding of them individually but also to enrich a readers' understanding of the artist.

MARXISM

Song of the Earth - Alexander Cordell


(Novel)

Synopsis:

Cordell's 3rd book in the lives of the Mortimer family, after Rape of the Fair Country and Hosts of Rebecca. It is a prequel to Rape of the Fair County with the Mortymer family buying a canal barge on the Neath valley canal. It tells of the life of the coal industry in Resolvenas well as the Brunel designed Canal system of the valley. Describing the landscape (still seen today over 150 years later) as well as the hardship suffered by the family and growth of disease and population topography in the industrial revolution. How Green Was My Valley.

Cordell's third book in the lives of Mortymer family switches its focus to the canals and waterways of South Wales, especially the Neath Valley. The narrator is Bryn Evan, son of Mostyn and he describes how he, his Father and the Evan family take delivery of a new barge as owner/operators. They struggle to maintain a working existence against the onslaught of the new railways then under construction and being forged by the inspired engineering skills of Isambard Kingdom Brunel which are penetrating the valleys of South Wales. Against this backdrop, Mostyn marries Marie Mortymer who also appears in Rape of the Fair Country and The Hosts of Rebecca. Time passes and the family have to accept the inevitable that the canals are failing so they move to Aberdare to work in the pits and experience the grinding poverty and the everyday struggle of the Miners working the coalfileds of the middle period of the 19th. Century.

Analysis:

In this film, you could see Bryn Evan and his family's struggle in a society that is full of abusers. Abusers of power and wealth. You could also see how they are treated as deliverers and operators. The unity and oneness of the people of their society to fight for their right and the tactics and techniques they used to dustup for the bridge they're working at is also shown here.  And this is what the Marxist Theory is all about, the concentration on the relationship between the test and reality. A discourse for interrogating all societies and their texts in terms of certain specific issues. 

ROMANTICISM

Princess and the Frog


(Film)

Synopsis:

Tiana is a young waitress from New Orleans who has held a passion for the culinary arts ever since she was a child. Inspired by her late father, Tiana steadily works day and night shifts at two different diners in order to raise money to buy an old sugar mill, which she plans to turn into the restaurant ("Down in New Orleans"). Charlotte La Bouff, a débutante and childhood friend of Tiana, hires her to provide beignets for the Mardi Gras masquerade ball being thrown by her rich father, Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff. Eli, the perennial King of the Mardi Gras, seeks to welcome the recently-arrived Prince Naveen of Maldonia as an eligible suitor to his pampered daughter. Tiana is thrilled to finally have enough to purchase and renovate the old sugar mill into her restaurant ("Almost There").

The disinherited Prince Naveen, penniless and unskilled, is nevertheless intent on marrying a wealthy woman rather than learning a trade. He and his valet Lawrence encounter Dr. Facilier, a voodoo witch doctor who convinces the pair that he can improve both their lives. Instead, after reading their fortunes, Facilier transforms Naveen into a frog and gives Lawrence a voodoo charm, filled with Naveen's blood, which when worn transforms his appearance to that of Naveen's. Facilier intends for Lawrence, under the guise of Naveen, to marry Charlotte in order to gain access to her father’s fortune ("Friends on the Other Side").



At the ball, Charlotte unknowingly flirts with Lawrence as Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder. Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Facilier's curse. Tiana reluctantly agrees, in exchange for the money needed to outbid the other buyer. However, instead of Naveen turning back into a human, Tiana is turned into a frog herself. A chase ensues, and Naveen and Tiana escape to a bayou.

Lawrence (still disguised as Naveen) later proposes to Charlotte, who happily agrees, but soon the magic in Facilier's charm wears off and Lawrence reverts to his original form. Facilier tells Lawrence they need another sample of the prince's blood in order to prolong the spell, but discovers that Lawrence had foolishly released him. Facilier turns to the voodoo spirits for help, with the promise that once Lawrence marries Charlotte, he will have total control over New Orleans and will be able to offer the citizens' souls as payment. The voodoo spirits give Facilier shadow demons, who are then dispatched to locate Naveen.


At the bayou, Tiana and Naveen meet Louis, a trumpet-playing alligator, who offers to lead them to Mama Odie, an ancient and good-hearted voodoo priestess who they believe can undo the curse ("When We're Human"). Later, they meet Ray, a Cajun firefly, who joins them on their journey ("Gonna Take You There"). Ray tells Tiana about his love, Evangeline, who is later revealed to be the Evening Star ("Ma Belle Evangeline").
When the four at last meet Mama Odie, she tells the frogs that Naveen must kiss a true princess for them to become human, and that since Eli La Bouff is King of Mardi Gras, Charlotte is a princess, but only until the stroke of midnight, when Mardi Gras is over ("Dig a Little Deeper"). Naveen soon realizes that he loves Tiana, but before he can admit his feelings, he is captured by the shadow demons and brought to Facilier.
Before Lawrence (disguised as Naveen) and Charlotte can marry, Ray helps Naveen escape and steals the charm. Ray gives the charm to Tiana in order to hold back Facilier's minions, but is killed by Facilier. Facilier then confronts Tiana and transforms her back to her human form. He then offers to make her restaurant dream come true in exchange for the charm, but she refuses upon realizing that true love is more important and attempts to destroy the talisman. However, Facilier's shadow grabs hold of its shadow and hands it back to Facilier himself. Tiana is changed back to a frog and Facilier mockingly declares that she is fated to remain that way forever. Tiana quickly uses her frog tongue to grab hold of the talisman and smashes it upon the ground. The angered voodoo spirits come forth and claim Facilier himself as payment for his debts and drag him into the underworld forever.

Tiana and Naveen reveal their love to each other and explain the situation to Charlotte, who agrees to kiss Naveen so he and Tiana can be together. The clock strikes midnight before she can kiss him, but the two decide they are content to live together as frogs. At the end of a funeral for Ray, he appears as a new bright star next to Evangeline.
Later, Tiana and Naveen are married by Mama Odie. Because of Tiana's new status as princess, they are restored back to human form after their kiss. They then have a real wedding within the St. Louis Cathedral. The couple return to New Orleans to celebrate and, with Louis' help, convince the Fenner brothers accept the payment money and hand over the key rights. Together, Tiana and Naveen work on transforming the sugar mill into the long awaited restaurant. In the final scene, the restaurant - which is called Tiana's Palace - is thriving, with Louis and his band playing to a joyfully full house, while in the sky smaller stars encircle the larger stars of Ray and Evangeline ("Down in New Orleans (Finale)").

Analysis:

Romanticism Theory talks about the free expression of the feelings of the character. The artist's feeling is his law. In this film, Tiana and Naveen though thrown with trials and circumstances still believed that true love is more important than anything else. Together they faced it and fought it because of their love for each other. 

As you could see at the falling action, even though they still have the chance to be back as humans, they still chose and agreed to stay the way they are or as frogs because they know that they would still be together whatever their features or characteristics may be. 

NEW CRITICISM

Touched by an Angel - Maya Angelou

(Poem)

We, unaccustomed to courage
exiles from delight

live coiled in shells of loneliness
until love leaves its high holy temple
and comes into our sight
to liberate us into life.

Love arrives
and in its train come ecstasies
old memories of pleasure
ancient histories of pain.
Yet if we are bold,
love strikes away the chains of fear
from our souls.

We are weaned from our timidity
In the flush of love's light
we dare be brave
And suddenly we see
that love costs all we are
and will ever be.
Yet it is only love
which sets us free. 

Analysis:


The angel here represents love. This text tells us that everything can be cured by love. Any heartache, any pain, any sadness, as long as love exists can be healed. Love gives us courage, hope, happiness and joy. The poem also said that love always comes with pain, because when you show love towards other people there is always a tendency and there will come a time where you will be hurt by the same person you're showing your love with. They may or may not know that you are hurt but that's the reality of love. And when you are still brave about loving, you would always feel delighted about everything. Because love is the most important thing in the world. Without it, your existence is useless!

PSYCHO-ANALYTIC THEORY

Dead of Night - Alberto Cavalcanti


(Film)

Synopsis:

Architect Walter Craig (Mervyn Johns) arrives at a country house party where he reveals to the assembled guests that he has seen them all in a dream. He appears to have no prior personal knowledge of them but he is able to predict spontaneous events in the house before they unfold. The other guests attempt to test Craig's foresight, while entertaining each other with various tales of uncanny or supernatural events that they experienced or were told about. These include a racing car driver's premonition of a fatal bus crash; a light hearted tale of two obsessed golfers, one of whom becomes haunted by the other's ghost; a ghostly encounter during a children's Christmas party (a scene cut from the initial American release); a haunted antique mirror; and the story of an unbalanced ventriloquist (Michael Redgrave) who believes his amoral dummy is truly alive. The framing story is then capped by a twist ending.


Analysis:

Psycho-Analytic Theory means, a criticism which, in method, concept and form, is influenced by the tradition of Psychoanalysis. It seeks evidence of an unresolved emotions. In the movie Dead of Night, it shows how some people easily judge those people with psychological disorders. They do not really focus on what the person is saying and just continue to form their conclusions and comments with that person. Walter, on the other hand, had done everything to explain his side and to explicate all the information that he had gathered in his dreams. 

If you would dig the deeper meaning of the movie you could see the sadness and melancholy of the story and the narrator. There's a message the story wants to convey to the readers. It is really an advantage for the producer to create such movie because he is said to have a broad imagination and is said to had experienced some difficulties during his childhood days. You could say that there is somehow a connection between the producer and his masterpiece. And that's what the Psycho-Analytic Theory is all about. 

EXISTENTIALISM

The Lathe of Heaven - Ursula K. Le Guin


(Movie)

Synopsis:

In Portland, Oregon in the near future, George Orr is charged with misuse of multiple prescription medications, which he was taking to keep himself from dreaming; he volunteers for psychiatric care to avoid prosecution, and is assigned to the care of licensed "oneirologist" William Haber. Orr's explanation of his drug abuse is incredible: he has known since age 17 that his dreams change reality, and tries to prevent himself from dreaming because he fears their effects.
Haber initially considers Orr's fear as a delusional symptom of neurosis or psychosis, referring to him as "possibly an intelligent schizophrenic". He puts Orr into a hypnotic trance, and encourages him to have an "effective dream" to record his brain function. When he realizes that Orr is telling the truth, Haber begins to use Orr's "effective dreams" to first create a prestigious, well funded institute run by himself, then to attempt to solve various social problems. Haber suggests that Orr dream of a solution to overpopulation (resulting in a plague wiping out three-fourths of the human population), the end to all conflict between people (resulting in an alien invasion uniting mankind), only after numerous failed attempts to "make the world right" admitting to Orr that he believes in Orr's power.
Orr turns to lawyer Heather LeLache for help in getting out of his government-mandated treatments with Haber. LeLache doubts Orr's sanity, but agrees to help him, eventually becoming an ally.
As Haber continues to use Orr to create change in human society, Orr remembers that a dream he experienced years ago, which is briefly portrayed at the opening of the film, is in fact reality: the world was destroyed in a nuclear war, and Orr had been dying from radiation poisoning when he began to dream that it had not happened. Haber enters the final version of his machine for directing dreams, and learns this truth, driving him mad. Orr had joined him in that dream state, and was able to change the world back to a relatively normal version not destroyed, and not severely altered. The end of the film shows Orr working in an antique store run by an alien, with LeLache coming in to browse. She has no memory of him, but agrees to have lunch with him. They encounter Haber, wheelchair bound, on their way to lunch, and Haber recognizes Orr, but cannot come out of his catatonia.


Analysis:

Existentialism Theory shows emphasis on individual existence, freedom, and choice. The conception of value arises from their view of the individual. In this movie, George Orr wanted to keep himself from dreaming because he was afraid of its effect, so he decided to take multiple prescription medications. After that, he was charged. He volunteered himself to be brought to a psychiatric place and later on, he was assigned to William Haber. At first, William did not believe his explanations and after thorough tests he found out that George is telling the truth. William abuses George's capabilities and used it for his own sake. 

The Existentialism Theory here is shown when George took action of William's wrong doing. He chooses to do what's right and what is for the good of his life and the life of the people in the neighborhood and in the society. 

FEMINISM

The Golden Notebook - Doris Lessing


(Novel)

Synopsis:

The Golden Notebook is the story of writer Anna Wulf, the four notebooks in which she keeps the record of her life, and her attempt to tie them all together in a fifth, gold-colored notebook. The book intersperses segments of an ostensibly realistic narrative of the lives of Molly and Anna, and their children, ex-husbands and lovers—entitled Free Women—with excerpts from Anna's four notebooks, coloured black (of Anna's experience inSouthern Rhodesia, before and during WWII, which inspired her own bestselling novel), red (of her experience as a member of the Communist Party), yellow (an ongoing novel that is being written based on the painful ending of Anna's own love affair), and blue (Anna's personal journal where she records her memories, dreams, and emotional life). Each notebook is returned to four times, interspersed with episodes from Free Women, creating non-chronological, overlapping sections that interact with one another. This post-modernistic styling, with its space and room for "play" engaging the characters and readers, is among the most famous features of the book, although Lessing insisted that readers and reviewers pay attention to the serious themes in the novel.

Analysis:

Feminism studies women’s unique ways of understanding and writing about the human condition. Its meaning is socially constructed and they look for systems of containment.

This novel falls under the Feminism Theory because it revolves around the protagonist, Anna Wulf, a writer who always keeps a record of her life. She had written four books already and she decided to tie all those four notebooks in the fifth one. Here, she narrates her life with her husband and children. She also share some of her experiences during the WWII, her membership to the Communist Party and the painful ending of her own love affair. This four books contains the most unforgettable and memorable experiences of her past. 

The character of Anna Wulf here, shows how a woman can surpass all the problems and challenges given to them in spite of being a woman.